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The effect of facial feedback on the evaluation of statements describing everyday situations and the role of awareness

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posted on 2023-06-09, 07:04 authored by Jakob Kaiser, Graham C L Davey
According to theories of embodiment enacting a smile or a frown can positively or negatively influence one’s evaluations, even without awareness of one’s facial activity. While some previous studies found evidence for facial feedback effects, recent replication attempts could not confirm these findings. Are our decisions throughout the day amenable to the state of our facial muscles? We tested the effect of smiling and frowning on the evaluation of emotional sentences describing everyday situations. While most previous studies based their assessment of awareness on verbal debriefing interviews without explicitly defined criteria, we employed a written debriefing questionnaire in order to avoid potential bias when identifying participants’ awareness. Our results indicate that smiling/frowning increased/decreased sentence ratings only for participants aware of their expressions. This emphasizes the importance of more rigorous awareness tests in facial feedback studies. Our results support the view that facial feedback cannot necessarily influence us without conscious mediation.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Accepted version

Journal

Consciousness and Cognition

ISSN

1053-8100

Publisher

Elsevier

Volume

53

Page range

23-30

Department affiliated with

  • Psychology Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2017-07-07

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2018-06-11

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2017-07-07

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