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Evidence for similar structural brain anomalies in youth and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a machine learning analysis

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posted on 2023-06-09, 23:59 authored by Yanli Zhang-James, Emily C Helminen, Jinru Liu, Geraldo F Busatto, Anna Calvo, Mara Cercignani, Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini, Matthew Gabel, Neil Harrison, Luisa Lazaro, Sara Lera-Miguel, Mario R Louza, Rosa Nicolau, Pedro G P Rosa, Sarah Hohmann, The ENIGMA-ADHD Working Group, others
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children world-wide. Of these, two-thirds continue to have impairing symptoms of ADHD into adulthood. Although a large literature implicates structural brain differences of the disorder, it is not clear if adults with ADHD have similar neuroanatomical differences as those seen in children with recent reports from the large ENIGMA-ADHD consortium finding structural differences for children but not for adults. This paper uses deep learning neural network classification models to determine if there are neuroanatomical changes in the brains of children with ADHD that are also observed for adult ADHD, and vice versa. We found that structural MRI data can significantly separate ADHD from control participants for both children and adults. Consistent with the prior reports from ENIGMA-ADHD, prediction performance and effect sizes were better for the child than the adult samples. The model trained on adult samples significantly predicted ADHD in the child sample, suggesting that our model learned anatomical features that are common to ADHD in childhood and adulthood. These results support the continuity of ADHD’s brain differences from childhood to adulthood. In addition, our work demonstrates a novel use of neural network classification models to test hypotheses about developmental continuity.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

Translational Psychiatry

ISSN

2158-3188

Publisher

Springer Nature

Volume

11

Page range

1-9

Article number

a82

Event location

United States

Department affiliated with

  • Mathematics Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2021-06-03

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2021-06-03

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2021-06-03

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