Artusi, Carlo Alberto, Romagnolo, Albertoa, Ledda, Claudia, Zibetti, Maurizio, Rizzone, Mario Giorgio, Montanaro, Elisa, Bozzali, Marco and Lopiano, Leonardo (2021) COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: what do we know so far? Journal of Parkinson's Disease, 11 (2). pp. 445-454. ISSN 1877-7171

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Abstract

Background:
Many studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients affected by Coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) were recently published. However, the small sample size of infected patients enrolled in most studies did not allow to draw robust conclusions on the COVID-19 impact in PD.

Objective:
We aimed to assess whether the prevalence and outcome of COVID-19 in PD patients are different from those observed in the general population.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting data on PD patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (PD-COVID+). We extracted prevalence, clinical-demographic data, outcome, and mortality. We also analyzed risk or protective factors based on comparisons between PD-COVID+ and control populations with PD without COVID-19 or without PD with COVID-19.

Results:
We included 16 studies reporting on a total of 11,325 PD patients, 1,061 with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The median infection prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 8.5%. PD-COVID+ patients had a median age of 74 and a disease duration of 9.4 years. Pooling all PD-COVID+ patients from included studies, 28.6% required hospitalization, 37.1% required levodopa dose increasing, and 18.9% died. The case fatality was higher in PD-COVID+ patients than the general population, with longer PD duration as a possible risk factor for worse outcome. Amantadine and vitamin D were proposed as potential protective factors.

Conclusion:
Available studies indicate a higher case fatality in PD patients affected by COVID-19 than the general population. Conversely, current literature does not definitively clarify whether PD patients are more susceptible to get infected. The potential protective role of vitamin D and amantadine is intriguing but deserves further investigation.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	COVID-19, Parkinson’s disease, amantadine, infection, mortality, outcome
Schools and Departments:	Brighton and Sussex Medical School > Neuroscience
SWORD Depositor:	Mx Elements Account
Depositing User:	Mx Elements Account
Date Deposited:	13 May 2021 07:46
Last Modified:	16 Mar 2022 16:30
URI:	http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/99062

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