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Studying the endothelial glycocalyx in vitro: what is missing?
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 23:36 authored by Andrew B Haymet, Nicole Bartnikowski, Emily S Wood, Michael P Vallely, Angela McBride, Sophie Yacoub, Scott B Biering, Eva Harris, Jacky Y Suen, John F FraserAll human cells are coated by a surface layer of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and plasma proteins, called the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx transmits shear stress to the cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, maintains a selective permeability barrier, and modulates adhesion of blood leukocytes and platelets. Major components of the glycocalyx, including syndecans, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, are shed from the endothelial surface layer during conditions including ischaemia and hypoxia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, renal disease, and some viral infections. Studying mechanisms of glycocalyx damage in vivo can be challenging due to the complexity of immuno-inflammatory responses which are inextricably involved. Previously, both static as well as perfused in vitro models have studied the glycocalyx, and have reported either imaging data, assessment of barrier function, or interactions of blood components with the endothelial monolayer. To date, no model has simultaneously incorporated all these features at once, however such a model would arguably enhance the study of vasculopathic processes. This review compiles a series of current in vitro models described in the literature that have targeted the glycocalyx layer, their limitations, and potential opportunities for further developments in this field.
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- Published
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- Published version
Journal
Frontiers in Cardiovascular MedicineISSN
2297-055XPublisher
Frontiers MediaExternal DOI
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8Page range
1-13Article number
a647086Department affiliated with
- Global Health and Infection Publications
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- Yes
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- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2021-04-15First Open Access (FOA) Date
2021-04-15First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2021-04-15Usage metrics
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