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ATM and DNA-PK function redundantly to phosphorylate H2AX following exposure to ioninsing radiation

journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-07, 13:53 authored by Thomas StiffThomas Stiff, Mark O'DriscollMark O'Driscoll, N. Rief, K. Iwabuchi, M. Lobrich, Penny Jeggo
H2AX phosphorylation is an early step in the response to DNA damage. It is widely accepted that ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein) phosphorylates H2AX in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Whether DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays any role in this response is unclear. Here, we show that H2AX phosphorylation after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) occurs to similar extents in human fibroblasts and in mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking either DNA-PK or ATM but is ablated in ATM-deficient cells treated with LY294002, a drug that specifically inhibits DNA-PK. Additionally, we show that inactivation of both DNA-PK and ATM is required to ablate IR-induced H2AX phosphorylation in chicken cells. We confirm that H2AX phosphorylation induced by DSBs in nonreplicating cells is ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein) independent. Taken together, we conclude that under most normal growth conditions, IR-induced H2AX phosphorylation can be carried out by ATM and DNA-PK in a redundant, overlapping manner. In contrast, DNA-PK cannot phosphorylate other proteins involved in the checkpoint response, including chromatin-associated Rad17. However, by phosphorylating H2AX, DNA-PK can contribute to the presence of the damage response proteins MDC1 and 53BP1 at the site of the DSB.

History

Publication status

  • Published

Journal

Cancer Research

ISSN

0008-5472

Issue

7

Volume

64

Page range

2390-2396

Notes

GDSC83

Full text available

  • No

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2007-03-20

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