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Sex differences in self-construal and in depressive symptoms: predictors of cross-national variation

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Version 1 2023-06-09, 21:50
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-12, 09:32 authored by Peter Smith, Matthew EasterbrookMatthew Easterbrook, Heyla al-Selim, Vivian Miu Chi Lun, Yasin Koc, Pelin Gul, Dona Papastylianou, Lusine Grigoryan, Claudio Torres, Maria Efremova, Bushra Hassan, Abd Halim Ahmad, Ahmed al-Bayati, Joel Anderson, Susan E Cross, others
Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples.

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Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

ISSN

0022-0221

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Issue

7-8

Volume

51

Page range

616-635

Department affiliated with

  • Psychology Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2020-10-09

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2020-10-09

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2020-10-09

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