BOLD review_phil Trans B 2020-FINAL version.pdf (463.67 kB)
More than just summed neuronal activity: how multiple cell types shape the BOLD response
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 21:50 authored by Clare Howarth, Anusha Mishra, Catherine HallCatherine HallFunctional neuroimaging techniques are widely applied to investigations of human cognition and disease. The most commonly used among these is blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. The BOLD signal occurs because neural activity induces an increase in local blood supply to support the increased metabolism that occurs during activity. This supply usually outmatches demand, resulting in an increase in oxygenated blood in an active brain region, and a corresponding decrease in deoxygenated blood, which generates the BOLD signal. Hence, the BOLD response is shaped by an integration of local oxygen use, through metabolism, and supply, in the blood. To understand what information is carried in BOLD signals, we must understand how several cell types in the brain—local excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, astrocytes and vascular cells (pericytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells), and their modulation by ascending projection neurons—contribute to both metabolism and haemodynamic changes. Here, we review the contributions of each cell type to the regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and discuss situations where a simplified interpretation of the BOLD response as reporting local excitatory activity may misrepresent important biological phenomena, for example with regards to arousal states, ageing and neurological disease.
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Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Accepted version
Journal
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological SciencesISSN
0962-8436Publisher
The Royal SocietyExternal DOI
Issue
1815Volume
376Department affiliated with
- Psychology Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2020-10-09First Open Access (FOA) Date
2020-11-19First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2020-10-08Usage metrics
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