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Transcription-associated breaks in Xeroderma Pigmentosum group D cells from patients with combined features of Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Cockayne Syndrome

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posted on 2023-06-07, 13:52 authored by Therina Theron, Maria I. Fousteri, Marcel Volker, Lorna W. Harries, Elena Botta, Miria Stefanini, Mitsuo Fujimoto, Jaan-Olle Andressoo, Jay Mitchell, Nicolaas G. J. Jaspers, Lisa D. McDaniel, Leon H. Mullenders, Alan LehmannAlan Lehmann
Defects in the XPD gene can result in several clinical phenotypes, including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy, and, less frequently, the combined phenotype of XP and Cockayne syndrome (XP-D/CS). We previously showed that in cells from two XP-D/CS patients, breaks were introduced into cellular DNA on exposure to UV damage, but these breaks were not at the sites of the damage. In the present work, we show that three further XP-D/CS patients show the same peculiar breakage phenomenon. We show that these breaks can be visualized inside the cells by immunofluorescence using antibodies to either gamma-H2AX or poly-ADP-ribose and that they can be generated by the introduction of plasmids harboring methylation or oxidative damage as well as by UV photoproducts. Inhibition of RNA polymerase II transcription by four different inhibitors dramatically reduced the number of UV-induced breaks. Furthermore, the breaks were dependent on the nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. These data are consistent with our hypothesis that the NER machinery introduces the breaks at sites of transcription initiation. During transcription in UV-irradiated XP-D/CS cells, phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II occurred normally, but the elongating form of the polymerase remained blocked at lesions and was eventually degraded.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

Molecular and Cellular Biology

ISSN

0270-7306

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Issue

18

Volume

25

Page range

8368-8378

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2007-03-19

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2016-03-22

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2016-11-03

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