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Actors, business models, and innovation activity systems for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology: a comprehensive review
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-07, 07:09 authored by Benjamin SovacoolBenjamin Sovacool, Johannes Kester, Lance Noel, Gerardo Zarazua de RubensThis study is motivated by the prospect of needing to harness significant flows of investment and finance, along with private sector commitment, towards decarbonizing passenger transport in Europe. It asks: what types of actors and stakeholder groups, business models, and resulting innovation activity systems might vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology create or accelerate? Based primarily on qualitative research interviews and focus groups in five countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and a comprehensive literature review, the study assess stakeholder perceptions of primary and secondary business models for V2G. It identifies at least twelve meaningful stakeholder types and corresponding business markets: automotive manufacturers, battery manufacturers, vehicle owners, energy suppliers, transmission and distribution system operators, fleets, aggregators, mobility-as-a-service providers, renewable electricity independent power providers, public transit operators, secondhand markets and secondary markets. These business models fall into the five clusters of equipment, grid services, aggregation, bundling, and secondary markets. We then examine how these business models differ by innovation activity systems—that is, by content, structure, and governance. We lastly translate these findings into policy recommendations of relevance for all types of countries.
Funding
UK Centre for Research on Energy Demand; G2424; EPSRC-ENGINEERING & PHYSICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Accepted version
Journal
Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsISSN
1364-0321Publisher
ElsevierExternal DOI
Volume
131Article number
a109963Department affiliated with
- SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2020-06-02First Open Access (FOA) Date
2021-07-08First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2020-06-02Usage metrics
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