Sovacool, Benjamin K, Kester, Johannes, Noel, Lance and Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo (2020) Actors, business models, and innovation activity systems for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology: a comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 131. a109963. ISSN 1364-0321

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Abstract

This study is motivated by the prospect of needing to harness significant flows of investment and finance, along with private sector commitment, towards decarbonizing passenger transport in Europe. It asks: what types of actors and stakeholder groups, business models, and resulting innovation activity systems might vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology create or accelerate? Based primarily on qualitative research interviews and focus groups in five countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and a comprehensive literature review, the study assess stakeholder perceptions of primary and secondary business models for V2G. It identifies at least twelve meaningful stakeholder types and corresponding business markets: automotive manufacturers, battery manufacturers, vehicle owners, energy suppliers, transmission and distribution system operators, fleets, aggregators, mobility-as-a-service providers, renewable electricity independent power providers, public transit operators, secondhand markets and secondary markets. These business models fall into the five clusters of equipment, grid services, aggregation, bundling, and secondary markets. We then examine how these business models differ by innovation activity systems—that is, by content, structure, and governance. We lastly translate these findings into policy recommendations of relevance for all types of countries.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	business models, vehicle-to-grid, electric mobility, electric vehicles, vehicle-grid integration
Schools and Departments:	University of Sussex Business School > SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit
SWORD Depositor:	Mx Elements Account
Depositing User:	Mx Elements Account
Date Deposited:	02 Jun 2020 08:09
Last Modified:	23 Feb 2022 10:41
URI:	http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/91546

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