Manuscript_19-0716_Rev_no_track_.pdf (1.25 MB)
Testing for the myth of cognitive reserve: are the static and dynamic cognitive reserve indexes a representation of different reserve warehouses?
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 20:39 authored by Laura Serra, Laura Petrosini, Andrea Salaris, Lorenzo Pica, Michela Bruschini, Carlotta Di Domenico, Carlo Caltagirone, Camillo Marra, Marco BozzaliBACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the individual resilience to neurodegeneration. Years of formal education express the static measure of reserve (sCR). A dynamic aspect of CR (dCR) has been recently proposed. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare sCR and dCR indexes, respectively, to detect brain abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS 117 individuals [39 AD, 40 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 38 healthy subjects (HS)] underwent neuropsychological evaluation and a 3T-MRI. T1-weighted volumes were used for manual segmentation of the hippocampus and of the parahippocampal cortices. Years of formal education were used as an index of sCR. Partial Least Square analysis was used to decompose the variance of individual MMSE scores, considered as a dCR index. In aMCI and AD patients, the brain abnormalities have been assessed comparing individuals with high and low levels of sCR and dCR in turn. Moreover, we investigated the effect of the different CR indexes in mediating the relationship between changes in brain volumes and memory performances. RESULTS sCR and dCR indexes classified differently individuals having high or low levels of CR. Smaller hippocampal and parahippocampal volumes in high dCR patients were found. The sCR and dCR indexes mediated significantly the relationship between brain abnormalities and memory in patients. CONCLUSIONS CR mediated the relationship between brain and memory dysfunctions. We hypothesized that sCR and dCR indexes are a representation of different warehouses of reserve not operating in parallel but forming a complex system, in which crystalized cognitive abilities and actual cognitive efficiency interact with brain atrophy impacting on memory.
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Accepted version
Journal
Journal of Alzheimer's DiseaseISSN
1387-2877Publisher
IOS PressExternal DOI
Issue
1Volume
72Page range
111-126Department affiliated with
- BSMS Neuroscience Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2020-02-18First Open Access (FOA) Date
2020-02-18First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2020-02-18Usage metrics
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