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Scaling in necklaces of monopoles and semipoles

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journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 18:17 authored by Mark HindmarshMark Hindmarsh, Anna Kormu, Asier Lopez-Eiguren, David J Weir
Models of symmetry breaking in the early universe can produce networks of cosmic strings threading ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles. In certain cases there is a larger global symmetry group and the monopoles split into so-called semipoles. These networks are all known as cosmic necklaces. We carry out large-scale field theory simulations of the simplest model containing these objects, confirming that the energy density of networks of cosmic necklaces approaches scaling, i.e., that it remains a constant fraction of the background energy density. The number of monopoles per unit comoving string length is constant, meaning that the density fraction of monopoles decreases with time. Where the necklaces carry semipoles rather than monopoles,we perform the first simulations large enough to demonstrate that they also maintain a constant number per unit comoving string length. We also compare our results to a number of analytical models of cosmic necklaces, finding that none explains our results. We put forward evidence that annihilation of poles on the strings is controlled by a diffusive process, a possibility not considered before. The observational constraints derived in our previous work for necklaces with monopoles can now be safely applied to those with semipoles as well.

Funding

Theoretical Particle Physics Consortium Sussex - Royal Holloway; G1449; STFC-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FACILITIES COUNCIL; ST/L000504/1

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

Physical Review D

ISSN

2470-0010

Publisher

American Physical Society

Issue

10

Volume

98

Page range

103533-1

Department affiliated with

  • Informatics Publications

Research groups affiliated with

  • Theoretical Particle Physics Research Group Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2019-07-02

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2019-07-02

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2019-07-01

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