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Explaining fragmented and fluid mobilization in gold mining concessions in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

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journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 17:10 authored by Sara Geenen, Judith Verweijen
The expansion of industrial mining in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo has sparked social mobilization in gold mining concessions, most of which are important sites for artisanal mining. Congruent with observations on the nature of social movements in Africa, such mobilization is hyper-fragmented and fluid. We ascribe this high degree of fluidity and fragmentation both to factors internal to the social mobilization effort, including limited organizational potential and the heterogeneity of attitudes and discourses, and the political and socio-economic context, characterized by intense conflicts, patronage-based politics, poverty and repression. Additionally, we identify certain company practices as undermining the sustainability and coherence of social mobilization, in particular: the co-optation of intermediaries and protestors, acquiescence in practices of favoritism, fostering a repressive climate, and token commitment to community participation. We conclude that to understand social mobilization in mining concessions, it is important to study the interplay between political (re)actions ‘from above’ and ‘from below’, and to recognize the diversity of these (re)actions, which are located on a wide spectrum between resistance and repression on the one hand, and collaboration and co-optation on the other.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Accepted version

Journal

The Extractive Industries and Society

ISSN

2214-790X

Publisher

Elsevier

Issue

4

Volume

4

Page range

758-765

Department affiliated with

  • International Relations Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2019-03-07

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2019-03-07

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2019-03-06

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