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Structured activity and multiple group memberships as mechanisms of increased depression among young people not in employment, education or training

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posted on 2023-06-09, 17:01 authored by Clio BerryClio Berry, Matthew EasterbrookMatthew Easterbrook, Liza Empson, David FowlerDavid Fowler
Aims Young people Not in Employment, Education and Training (NEET) are at increased risk of depression, yet mechanisms of this association are poorly understood. We hypothesised that being NEET has both behavioural and social identity consequences and that reductions in structured activity and multiple group memberships underlie increased depression in this group. Our purpose was to assess first whether depression was greater for NEET compared to non-NEET young people from the same geographical locality, and secondly, whether a loss of structured activity leading to a reduction in multiple group memberships explains the NEET-depression association. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional between-groups design using convenience sampling. Measures of depression, structured activity and multiple group memberships were obtained from 45 NEET young people and 190 university students (non-NEET). Results The NEET group reported significantly more depression symptoms compared to the non-NEET student control group. A path model specifying NEET status as a predictor of depression, with this association mediated by a reduction in structured activity and fewer multiple group memberships (standardised indirect?= 0.03, unstandardised indirect?= 0.62, P = 0.052, 95% bias corrected confidence intervals [0.21,1.44]), provided excellent fit to our data: ?2(3)?= 0.26, P = 0.968, comparative fit index (CFI)?= 1.00, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)<0.01, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)?= 0.01). Conclusions Our findings suggest that depression is elevated amongst NEET young people compared to non-NEET students from the same locality. The association between NEET status and depression was partially mediated by reduced structured activity and its association with reduced multiple group memberships. Although using cross-sectional data, our findings suggest social interventions may be a key resource in ameliorating depression amongst NEET young people; through preserving engagement in structured activity and the wellbeing benefits derived from arising multiple group memberships. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional between-groups design using convenience sampling. Measures of depression, structured activity and multiple group memberships were obtained from 45 ‘NEET’ young people and 190 university students (Non-‘NEET’). Results: The NEET group reported significantly more depression symptoms compared to the Non-NEET student control group. A path model specifying NEET status as a predictor of depression, with this association mediated by a reduction in structured activity and fewer multiple group memberships (standardised indirect = 0.03, unstandardised indirect= 0.62, p= .052, 95% Bias Corrected CIs [0.21; 1.44]), provided excellent fit to our data ?2(3)= 0.26, p= .968, CFI= 1.00, RMSEA< .01, SRMR= .01, AIC= 2,792.75, BIC= 2,818.20). Conclusions: Our findings suggest depression is elevated amongst NEET young people compared to Non-NEET students from the same locality. The association between NEET status and depression was partially mediated by reduced structured activity and its association with reduced multiple group memberships. Although cross-sectional, our findings suggest social interventions may be a key resource in ameliorating depression amongst NEET young people; through preserving engagement in structured activity and the wellbeing benefits derived from arising multiple group memberships.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Accepted version

Journal

Early Intervention in Psychiatry

ISSN

1751-7885

Publisher

Wiley

Department affiliated with

  • Psychology Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2019-02-28

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2020-03-29

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2019-02-25

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