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The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis

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posted on 2023-06-09, 15:46 authored by Daniel Freeman, Bryony Sheaves, Guy M Goodwin, Ly-Mee Yu, Alecia Nickless, Paul J Harrison, Richard Emsley, Annemarie I Luik, Russell G Foster, Vanashree Wadekar, Christopher Hinds, Andrew Gumley, Ray Jones, Stafford Lightman, Steve Jones, Richard Bentall, Peter Kinderman, Georgina Rowse, Traolach Brugha, Mark Blagrove, Alice M Gregory, Leanne Fleming, Elaine Walklet, Cris Glazebrook, E Bethan Davies, Chris Hollis, Gillian Haddock, Bev John, Mark Coulson, David FowlerDavid Fowler, Katherine Pugh, John Cape, Peter Moseley, Gary Brown, Claire Hughes, Marc Obonsawin, Sian Coker, Edward Watkins, Matthias Schwannauer, Kenneth MacMahon, A Niroshan Siriwardena, Colin A Espie
Background Sleep difficulties might be a contributory causal factor in the occurrence of mental health problems. If this is true, improving sleep should bene?t psychological health. We aimed to determine whether treating insomnia leads to a reduction in paranoia and hallucinations. Methods We did this single-blind, randomised controlled trial (OASIS) at 26 UK universities. University students with insomnia were randomly assigned (1:1) with simple randomisation to receive digital cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia or usual care, and the research team were masked to the treatment. Online assessments took place at weeks 0, 3, 10 (end of therapy), and 22. The primary outcome measures were for insomnia, paranoia, and hallucinatory experiences. We did intention-to-treat analyses. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN61272251. Findings Between March 5, 2015, and Feb 17, 2016, we randomly assigned 3755 participants to receive digital CBT for insomnia (n = 1891) or usual practice (n = 1864). Compared with usual practice, the sleep intervention at 10 weeks reduced insomnia (adjusted difference 4·78, 95% CI 4·29 to 5·26, Cohen’s d = 1·11; p < 0·0001), paranoia (–2·22, –2·98 to –1·45, Cohen’s d = 0·19; p < 0·0001), and hallucinations (–1·58, –1·98 to –1·18, Cohen’s d = 0·24; p < 0·0001). Insomnia was a mediator of change in paranoia and hallucinations. No adverse events were reported. Interpretation To our knowledge, this is the largest randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention for a mental health problem. It provides strong evidence that insomnia is a causal factor in the occurrence of psychotic experiences and other mental health problems. Whether the results generalise beyond a student population requires testing. The treatment of disrupted sleep might require a higher priority in mental health provision.

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Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

The Lancet Psychiatry

ISSN

2215-0366

Publisher

Elsevier

Issue

10

Volume

4

Page range

749-758

Department affiliated with

  • Psychology Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2018-11-07

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2018-11-07

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2018-11-06

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