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PET brain imaging in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy

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posted on 2023-06-09, 04:35 authored by Jaime Vera RojasJaime Vera Rojas, Basil Ridha, Yvonne Gilleece, Aliza Amlani, Patrick Thorburn, Sabina Dizdarevic
Effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has lead to a significant reduction in the prevalence and incidence of central nervous system (CNS) HIV-associated brain disease, particularly CNS opportunistic infections and HIV encephalitis. Despite this, cognitive deficits in people living with HIV, also known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have become more prevalent in recent years. The pathogenesis of HAND is likely to be multifactorial, however recent evidence suggests that brain microglial activation is the most likely pathogenic mechanism. Recent developments in positron emission tomography (PET) brain neuroimaging using novel brain radioligands targeting a variety of physiological changes in the brains of HIV-positive individuals have improved our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the development of HAND. This review will highlight recent PET brain neuroimaging studies in the cART era, focusing on physiological and neurochemical changes associated with HAND in people living with HIV.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

ISSN

1619-7070

Publisher

Springer Verlag

Issue

5

Volume

44

Page range

895-902

Department affiliated with

  • Global Health and Infection Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2017-01-06

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2017-01-06

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2017-01-06

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