Diffusion of knowledge through migration of scientific labour in India

'Brain drain' is viewed as a curse for developing countries but analysis suggests it may provide crucial advantage to some countries. 'Reverse brain drain' of engineers and scientists trained in the USA or Europe can accelerate technological catch-up. Communities of returned scientists and engineers can provide skill and know-how to help local firms shift to higher value-added activities. However, transfer of knowledge through human mobility is not a straightforward process. This paper presents insights regarding diffusion of knowledge through migration of scientific labour, using case studies of innovative Indian pharmaceutical firms.