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Resolving the paradox of shame: differentiating among specific appraisal-feeling combinations explains pro-social and self-defensive motivation
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-09, 00:57 authored by Nicolay Gausel, Vivian VignolesVivian Vignoles, Colin Wayne LeachResearch has shown that people can respond both self-defensively and pro-socially when they experience shame. We address this paradox by differentiating among specific appraisals (of specific self-defect and concern for condemnation) and feelings (of shame, inferiority, and rejection) often reported as part of shame. In two Experiments (Study 1: N = 85; Study 2: N = 112), manipulations that put participants’ social-image at risk increased their appraisal of concern for condemnation. In Study 2, a manipulation of moral failure increased participants’ appraisal that they suffered a specific self-defect. In both studies, mediation analyses showed that effects of the social-image at risk manipulation on self-defensive motivation were explained by appraisal of concern for condemnation and felt rejection. In contrast, the effect of the moral failure manipulation on pro-social motivation in Study 2 was explained by appraisal of a specific self-defect and felt shame. Thus, distinguishing among the appraisals and feelings tied to shame enabled clearer prediction of pro-social and self-defensive responses to moral failure with and without risk to social-image.
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Accepted version
Journal
Motivation and EmotionISSN
0146-7239Publisher
Springer VerlagExternal DOI
Issue
1Volume
40Page range
118-139Department affiliated with
- Psychology Publications
Full text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2016-04-19First Open Access (FOA) Date
2017-02-02First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date
2016-04-19Usage metrics
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