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Evolution of halophytes: multiple origins of salt tolerance in land plants
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-08, 11:31 authored by Tim Flowers, Hanaa K Galal, Lindell BromhamThe evolution of salt tolerance is interesting for several reasons. First, since salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) employ several different mechanisms to deal with salt, the evolution of salt tolerance represents a fascinating case study in the evolution of a complex trait. Second, the diversity of mechanisms employed by halophytes, based on processes common to all plants, sheds light on the way that a plant’s physiology can become adapted to deal with extreme conditions. Third, as the amount of salt-affected land increases around the globe, understanding the origins of the diversity of halophytes should provide a basis for the use of novel species in bioremediation and conservation. In this review we pose the question, how many times has salt tolerance evolved since the emergence of the land plants some 450–470 million years ago? We summarise the physiological mechanisms underlying salt-tolerance and provide an overview of the number and diversity of salt-tolerant terrestrial angiosperms (defined as plants that survive to complete their life cycle in at least 200 mM salt). We consider the evolution of halophytes using information from fossils and phylogenies. Finally, we discuss the potential for halophytes to contribute to agriculture and land management and ask why, when there are naturally occurring halophytes, it is proving to be difficult to breed salt-tolerant crops.
History
Publication status
- Published
Journal
Functional Plant BiologyISSN
1445-4408Publisher
CSIRO PublishingExternal DOI
Issue
7Volume
37Page range
604-612Department affiliated with
- Evolution, Behaviour and Environment Publications
Notes
Times Cited: 11 Flowers, Timothy J. Galal, Hanaa K. Bromham, LindellFull text available
- No
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2012-05-17Usage metrics
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