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Do unprofitable prey evolve traits that profitable prey find difficult to exploit?
journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-08, 00:34 authored by Thomas N Sherratt, Daniel W FranksPrey that are unprofitable to attack (for example, those containing noxious chemicals) are often conspicuously patterned and move in a slower and more predictable manner than species lacking these defences. Contemporary theories suggest these traits have evolved as warning signals because they can facilitate both associative and discriminative avoidance learning in predators. However, it is unclear why these particular traits and not others have tended to evolve in unprofitable prey. Here we show using a signal detection model that unprofitable prey will evolve conspicuous colours and patterns partly because these characteristics cannot readily evolve in profitable prey without close mimicry. The stability of this signal is maintained through the costs of dishonesty in profitable prey. Indeed, unprofitable prey will sometimes evolve a conspicuous form to reduce mimetic parasitism, even in the unlikely event that this form can be more closely mimicked. This is one of the first mathematical models of the evolution of warning signals to allow for the possibility of mimicry, yet our analyses suggest it may offer a general explanation as to why warning signals take the form that they do. Warning signals and mimicry may therefore be more closely related than is currently supposed.
History
Publication status
- Published
Journal
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological SciencesISSN
1471-2954Publisher
Royal Society, TheExternal DOI
Issue
1579Volume
272Page range
2441-2447Department affiliated with
- SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit Publications
Full text available
- No
Peer reviewed?
- Yes
Legacy Posted Date
2012-02-06Usage metrics
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