Frustrating Brexit? Ireland and the UK’s conflicting approaches to Brexit negotiations

While Ireland and Northern Ireland barely featured during the 2016 referendum campaign, they have been central to Brexit negotiations. For some, Ireland’s prominence in talks represents core EU values of solidarity and peace. For others, Ireland has been ‘used’ as a bargaining chip to ‘frustrate Brexit’. In contrast, this paper shows how conflicting policy styles had an impact on the outcome of Brexit negotiations on the border in Ireland. Drawing on the literatures on Brexit negotiations, British policy style, and new intergovernmentalism, it shows that Ireland pursued a deliberative approach, contributing to its negotiating success. This is contrasted with three, relatively ineffectual, British approaches to Ireland, ‘lack of engagement’, ‘magical thinking’, and ‘delayed deliberation’. The paper draws on original interviews conducted with Irish politicians during negotiations, and interviews with senior British political figures contained in the UK in a Changing Europe Witness Archive.