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The one that got away: how macrophage-derived IL-1beta escapes the mycolactone-dependent Sec61 blockade in Buruli Ulcer

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Version 2 2023-06-12, 07:39
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journal contribution
posted on 2023-06-12, 07:39 authored by Belinda S Hall, Louise T Hsieh, Sandra SacreSandra Sacre, Rachel E Simmonds
Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a devastating necrotizing skin disease. Key to its pathogenesis is mycolactone, the exotoxin virulence factor that is both immunosuppressive and cytotoxic. The discovery that the essential Sec61 translocon is the major cellular target of mycolactone explains much of the disease pathology, including the immune blockade. Sec61 inhibition leads to a loss in production of nearly all cytokines from monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells, as well as antigen presentation pathway proteins and costimulatory molecules. However, there has long been evidence that the immune system is not completely incapable of responding to M. ulcerans infection. In particular, IL-1ß was recently shown to be present in BU lesions, and to be induced from M. ulcerans-exposed macrophages in a mycolactone-dependent manner. This has important implications for our understanding of BU, showing that mycolactone can act as the “second signal” for IL-1ß production without inhibiting the pathways of unconventional secretion it uses for cellular release. In this Perspective article, we validate and discuss this recent advance, which is entirely in-line with our understanding of mycolactone’s inhibition of the Sec61 translocon. However, we also show that the IL-1 receptor, which uses the conventional secretory pathway, is sensitive to mycolactone blockade at Sec61. Hence, a more complete understanding of the mechanisms regulating IL-1ß function in skin tissue, including the transient intra-macrophage stage of M. ulcerans infection, is urgently needed to uncover the double-edged sword of IL-1ß in BU pathogenesis, treatment and wound healing.

History

Publication status

  • Published

File Version

  • Published version

Journal

Frontiers in Immunology

ISSN

1664-3224

Publisher

Frontiers Media

Volume

12

Page range

1-9

Article number

a788146

Department affiliated with

  • Clinical and Experimental Medicine Publications

Full text available

  • Yes

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2022-01-12

First Open Access (FOA) Date

2022-01-12

First Compliant Deposit (FCD) Date

2022-01-12

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