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Heterogeneity in outcomes of treated HIV-positive patients in Europe and North America: relation with patient and cohort characteristics

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posted on 2023-06-08, 15:30 authored by Margaret T May, Robert S Hogg, Amy C Justice, Bryan E Shepherd, Dominique Costagliola, Bruno Ledergerber, Rodolphe Thiébaut, M John Gill, Ole Kirk, Ard van Sighem, Michael S Saag, Gemma Navarro, Paz Sobrino-Vegas, Fiona Lampe, Suzanne Ingle, Jodie L Guest, Heidi M Crane, Antonella D'Arminio Monforte, Jörg J Vehreschild, Jonathan A C Sterne, Martin FIsher
BACKGROUND HIV cohort collaborations, which pool data from diverse patient cohorts, have provided key insights into outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the extent of, and reasons for, between-cohort heterogeneity in rates of AIDS and mortality are unclear. METHODS We obtained data on adult HIV-positive patients who started ART from 1998 without a previous AIDS diagnosis from 17 cohorts in North America and Europe. Patients were followed up from 1 month to 2 years after starting ART. We examined between-cohort heterogeneity in crude and adjusted (age, sex, HIV transmission risk, year, CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA at start of ART) rates of AIDS and mortality using random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS During 61 520 person-years, 754/38 706 (1.9%) patients died and 1890 (4.9%) progressed to AIDS. Between-cohort variance in mortality rates was reduced from 0.84 to 0.24 (0.73 to 0.28 for AIDS rates) after adjustment for patient characteristics. Adjusted mortality rates were inversely associated with cohorts' estimated completeness of death ascertainment [excellent: 96-100%, good: 90-95%, average: 75-89%; mortality rate ratio 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.46-0.94) per category]. Mortality rate ratios comparing Europe with North America were 0.42 (0.31-0.57) before and 0.47 (0.30-0.73) after adjusting for completeness of ascertainment. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity between settings in outcomes of HIV treatment has implications for collaborative analyses, policy and clinical care. Estimated mortality rates may require adjustment for completeness of ascertainment. Higher mortality rate in North American, compared with European, cohorts was not fully explained by completeness of ascertainment and may be because of the inclusion of more socially marginalized patients with higher mortality risk.

History

Publication status

  • Published

Journal

International journal of epidemiology

ISSN

1464-3685

Publisher

Oxford Journals

Issue

6

Volume

41

Page range

1807-20

Department affiliated with

  • BSMS Publications

Full text available

  • No

Peer reviewed?

  • Yes

Legacy Posted Date

2013-08-09

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